What is the central dogma of molecular biology, and who formulated it?

The central dogma is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is translated into protein. It was formulated by Francis Crick.

During translation, what is the role of tRNA?

tRNA transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Copying a gene's DNA sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.

The sequence codes for methionine, proline, and then a stop signal.

I can describe the roles of DNA, mRNA, and tRNA in protein synthesis.

1
The central dogma, developed by Francis Crick, explains how DNA contains genes that code for specific proteins.
2
During transcription, RNA polymerase copies a gene from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) inside the nucleus.
3
In translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons, and transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the corresponding amino acids to build a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.